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Homework

Greek and Latin Roots of 2005 - 2006

Sources: Webster's Dictionary

                English from the Roots Up - Joegil Lundquist

Geo “ EARTH”

Geography “earth picture” having to do with maps

Geology “ earth study” the study of the rocks of the earth

Geode - "earth form" a rock with crystals inside.

Geothermal - "earth temperature" the heat of the earth

Geometry “earth measure” math using shapes and lines

Bio- “LIFE”

Biology “ life study”- science that studies life

Biotic “having to do with life” living things

Biome - " area of life" a large habitat - like the ocean or deserts

Biosphere - "life globe" the earth

Biography “life picture” a story about someone’s life

Log (logue) “study of, word, speech”

Logic - "having to do with words" using a type of thinking to figure out a solution to a problem

Dialogue “ speak across” conversation between two people

Monologue ‘ one speech” one person talking

Analogy “without words” a comparison between two things

Prologue “speech before” before the start of a story

Graph - "write or draw"

 Disgraphia "away from writing" a disease - having trouble writing neatly

Hologram " complete picture" a 3D picture

Phonograph " light draw" a picture taken with light

Telegraph "distance write" an invention that transported information through wires - Morse code.

Autograph "self write" to sign your name

Terra "Earth and Ground"

Terra Cotta "baked earth" like pottery or bowls

Terra Firma "solid ground"

Terrain - "having to do with earth" the surrounding land

Territory  - any land or region controlled by someone

Terrestrial - the earth

Terrace - a raised step of land often used for farming

Terrarium - enclosed ground for plants and animals

Ex – out of

Exothermic – “having to do with heat coming out” heat escaping a chemical reaction.

Expendable “the act of paying out” – anything that can be used up

Explore – “to cry out” travel to discover or find something

Dis – “AWAY FROM”

Disaster – “away from your star” a terrible event

Disburse “away from your purse” to pay out

Disperse “away from scatter” to scatter

Discover “away from cover” to find something

Disease “away from ease or comfort” to be sick

Disintegrate “away from bring together" come apart, separate

Dissolve “away from bring together” to fade or disappear

Arche- “begin, be first or lead”

Archaic – “the beginning, having to do with ” Out-of-date, old and not used anymore
 

Archeology – “the beginning, the study of ” study of the past
 

Archipelago – “the first sea” a group of islands
 

Architect – “first build” a person who designs buildings
 

Archetype – “first type” an original category from which copies are made
 

Hierarchy – “sacred lead” an organization that is arranged by rank

Monarchy -"One lead" a king

Archangel –“the first or leader angel”

Archbishop – “the leader bishop” A bishop of the highest rank

Archduke – “leader duke” A duke close to the king

Archenemy – “leader enemy” your worst enemy

Pro – “ for, forward, first” [Latin]

Protagonist – “first contestant” The main “good” character in a book/movie.

 

Procedure – “forward movement” a step by step method

Proclamation – “shout forth” a public announcement

Procrastinate – “forward tomorrow” to leave things until the last minute.

Professional – “confess forward” one who gets paid to do a job.

Projection – “throw forward” forecast the future

Proscenium - “before the stage” the frame around a stage

Anti (ant) –  “Against, opposite”

Antagonist – “against contest” an opponent or the main “bad” character in a story

 

Antarctic – “opposite the arctic” – the South Polar Region

 Antithesis – “against the set thing” to be opposite something

Antibiotic – Against life

Antipathy - “against feeling” a strong dislike

Anti-Semitic -  “against the Jewish religion”

Anticlimax – “against importance” a story that has an ending that isn’t exciting

 Antihero – “ against the hero” – the main character in a story that has none of the normal characteristics main character.

Co (com, col, con)– “with, together”

Coagulate – “drive together” to thicken 
 

Cohesion –“press together” sticking together of a substance

Collaborate – “work together” people working together

 Commercial “having to do with wares” buying and selling things

Compact –“with agreement” packed together, or an agreement 
 

Convection – “carry together” the transfer of heat from one place to another

Conversation – “turn with” to talk together

Corroborate - "With strength" To make certain, support as in an argument

Confection – “ Make together” to put something like a recipe together

Colony – “settle together” a group of people who leave their land to settle another

  Pono -" Put or place"

Pose - "Place" a position or attitude

Post "place" a fixed place or job

position - " place" a job or established place

deposit - "place down" put something down or away

repose " put back" lie back, rest

depose - "put down" to remove a leader from power

impose - " put upon" to put a rule on someone or ask a favor

component - "put together" a piece of a whole

-Ject “throw”

reject (tion) To not accept

inject (tion) to put something inside something else

conjecture    a guess

deject (tion) to feel incredibly low, melancholy

object (tion) to have a problem with something, or a physical thing

abject (tion) to be very poor or without things

project (tion) “throw forward” to speak out, a plan to complete work

subject (tion) a person who is under the rule of someone else, the main noun in a sentence

eject (tion) toss out 

Re – “again, anew, back”

Reaction – “ anew, acting, the process of ” an action in response to some influence

Rebuke – “back, strike ” to scold

Rebellion – “again, war ” to fight against authority

Reconnaissance – “again, to know ” to scout for military reasons

Refute (refuse) “back, pour ” show an argument to be wrong

Rejection – “back, throwing, the process of ” the act of refusing to take something

Reminisce – “again, mind ” to talk or think about past events

Renaissance – “again, Born ” a great revival of art and learning in the 12 – 14^th century of Europe

 Revolution – “back, rolling, the action of ” To overthrow an existing government or a complete change

Jungo - "Join, Unite, Connect"

Join - "Connect" to connect

Joint-  " Join" a place where two parts are connected, like an elbow

Conjunction - "together, join, action of" a word that joins two parts of a sentence - and, or, nor

Disjointed - "away from, united" not connected

Subjugate - "under, connect, action" put under your power.

   Duo - "Two"

Duet - music played or sung by two people

Duplicate - "two fold" To make a copy

Dual - "two" as in a dual purpose or to have two purposes

Duel - a fight between two people

Duplicity - to lie, be false, be "two faced"

Dubious - to have two minds about something or be doubtful.

Duplex "two fold" two living quarters in one house

In, Im, il, ir "not"

invertebrate "without a spine" an animal without a spine

immobile -"not moving"

llogical "not logical"

insane "not sane"

incurable "not able to be cured"

irreversible "not able to go back"

indefatigable "not able to be tired out"

impatient -"not patient"

impossible "not possible"

impolite "not polite"

inadequate "not acceptable"

incredible "not believable"

irresponsible "not responsible"

indelible " to able to be destroyed"

inhuman "not human"

insensitive "not feeling"

intemperate "not serious or sober"

Ante – “before”

Antebellum – “before the war” Pre-Civil War Southern culture

Antechamber – “before room” a small waiting room before a large important room

Anticipate – “take before” to look forward to something with excitement

Antique – “before time” something old fashioned or out of date

Metron – ‘measure’

Meter – “measure” a unit of measure 39.47 inches, or 100 Cm long

Geometry – “earth measure” a unit of math including shapes, lines and measurement

Optometry – “sight measure” a medical field that measures sight (like an eye doctor)

Symmetry - “same measure” when a shape is the same on both sides

Barometer – “weight measure” a device to measure air pressure

Thermometer – “heat measure” a device to measure temperature

Diameter – “across measure” measuring across a circle

Centimeter – ‘hundred measure” on hundredth of a meter

Anemometer – “wind measure” a device to measure wind speed

Metronome “Measure law” a device to mark out the beats to music at a particular speed

Para - "near beside"

Parabola - "Near throw" A curved line in math

Paragraph - "Beside write" a collection of thoughts that are connected 

Parasitic -"beside food, having to do with" to feed or live off another organism

Paradox - beside opinion" a statement or idea that is true although it say two opposite things

Parallel - "beside" Two straight lines next to each other that never cross

-Crat – “rule of”

Democracy  -“the rule of the common people” people vote to elect their leaders

Theocracy – “the rule of religion” The religious leaders are in control

Autocrat – “rule of your self” one person in charge

Plutocracy – “rule of the rich” those with money are in charge

Aristocrat – “rule by the stars” Kings rule

Bureaucrat – “rule of the drawers” someone who runs the cogs of government

Dict – “ say”

Dictate (v) – “having say” To say or read something for someone else to write down

Dictator (n) – “one who says” person with absolute authority

Diction (n) – “action of saying” pronouncing words carefully

Dictionary (n) -  “The thing that is the action of saying” a book with words, definitions, and pronunciation

Contradict (v) - “to say against or opposite” To say the opposite argument of someone else

Predict (v) – “say before” to say what you think the future outcome of something is

Addiction (n) – “the action of saying to” a habit

Publi-“people”                          Latin

Public-“Having to do with people” The people, not private

Publish-“The people” Present a document for others to read

Publicize-“To make for the people” To have notice to the people

Republic-“Back to the people” People elect representatives to make laws and rules for them.

Publicity-“the people” The process of getting public notice.

demos - "People" Greek

Democracy - " The people, rule of" - People voting to make decisions

Demographic - "people, write, having to do with" - drawing charts of information about people and populations

Demophobic  - "people, fear, having to do with" - being afraid of people

Epidemic - "upon, people, having to do with" a plague upon the people, a large disease

Demagogue -"people leader" a leader who uses people's emotions and fears to give the leader power

Auto - " Self" Greek

Autograph - "self write" writing the name of oneself

Automobile - "self move" a vehicle that can move "by itself"

Autobiography "self, life, write," a life story written by oneself

Autocrat -"self rule of" power in one person in government

Autonomy -"Self law" being in control of yourself and by yourself

Automatic - "Self think" a machine that seems to think for itself.

autopsy - "self see" a medical exam performed on a deceased living thing.

Photo – “light”

Photograph “light draw”

Telephoto –“ light distant” A lens that makes things appear closer

Photometer – “light measure” a device to measure light

Phototropic – “light turn” plants that turn towards the light

Photosynthesis – ‘ light together putting” the process a plant uses to make energy/food from light

Tele – “ distant, far away” L

Television – "distant see” - A device that sucks your brain out

Telephone – “distant sound” - a device that costs your parents lots of money when you talk on it for hours at a time.

Telegraph “ distant picture/write” a device that sends beeping signals across wires or as a radio code

Telephoto -"distant light"

Telescope “distant look at” a device for looking at distant objects

Telepathy ‘distant feeling” knowing how someone far away is feeling

Telethon ‘tele+marathon” raising money using the phone

Telekinesis “distant movement” moving something “with your mind”

Syn – “With Together” (G)

Sympathy - ‘with feeling’ To feel what someone else feels

Symphony - ‘together sound’ sounds that go well together

Synthesis – ‘together put’ put things together

Synthetic ‘having to do with putting together’ man-made materials like chemicals

Photosynthesis – ‘light together put’ the process by which plants create energy using light

 Synonym – ‘together name’ two words with the same meaning

Synchronize – ‘together time’ do things at the same time

Thesis – “put, place, position”

Thesis – ‘to have a position’ a position taken in an argument

Theme an essay or compositions on a certain subject

Parenthesis – “beside place” A statement beside (or inside) a main sentence

Synthetic – “put together”

Synthesizer – “together put” an instrument that puts sound together like real musical instruments

Antithesis – ‘against put’ opposite to the thesis

Ab – “away from”

Abduct – “away from, carry” to kidnap

Aberration – “away from, wander, the action of” going away from the correct path, or something that isn’t normal

Abhor – “away from, shrink” to regard with horror

Abnormal – “away from normal” not normal

Abolish -  “away from build, or destroy” to do away with using the law

Abominable – “away from, omen, or a bad omen” arousing disgust

Abrasion – “away from, scrape, the action of” a place scraped by friction

Abscond – “away from, store up” to go away hurriedly to avoid punishment

Current Set

Duct “carry” L

Abduct     - "away from, carry" - to kidnap

Conduct     - "together, carry" to organize a group of people or objects

Deduct     - "down, carry" to take something away like money from a sale, To make a logical    conclusion based on evidence. 

Induct     - "in, carry" to let someone into an organization through a ceremony. 

Product     - "forward, carry" to make something

Subduct     - "under, carry' to be pushed  under and refers to continental shift. 

Reduction     - "again, carry" to reduce something or to remove something from an amount  

Hydr – “water” G

Hydra - "water" monster in Greek myths

Hydraulic – “having to do with water” a machine that uses water to run

Hydrometer – “water measure” an instrument used to measure water

Hydroelectric – “water electric” making electricity with water

Hydrofoil – “water shape” a boat shaped to move quickly through the water

Hydrogen – “water make” an element

Hydroponics – “water grow” growing plants in water only

Aqua - "Water"

Aquarium 'Water area" a pond or tank where fish live

Aqueduct "water carry" invented by the Romans to carry water from the mountains to the city.

Aquaculture "water grow" growing plants and animals in water (like a salmon hatchery)   

Aquamarine "water ocean" a blue-green color

Aquifer "water transport"  water trapped under the ground

Phone – “Sound”

Phonograph – “sound write/picture” writing with sound an old name for a record

Telephone - ‘far away sound’ a machine that sends sounds to a far distance

Euphony  - “good sound” pleasant noises

Symphony – ‘together sound’

Megaphone – ‘ big sound’ a device to make sound louder

Microphone – “small sound” a device that transmits some sounds to make it louder

Cacophony – “bad sounds” a group of bad, load, crashing sounds

Skopeo – “look at, consider, examine”

Scope – all the eye can see or all that you consider

Microscope – “small look at” a device to look at small objects

Telescope – “ distant look at” a device to see distant objects

Periscope -  “around look at” device to see around objects using mirrors

Kaleidoscope – “beautiful form look at” a device for seeing patterns using glass or lenses

Bishop – a church overseer

Episcopal – “on look at” a church overseen by bishops

Mikros "small"

Microphone "small sound" a device for making small sounds louder

Microbe "small life" tiny life forms

Microcosm "small world" a small version of a natural world

Microfilm "small film" a film that stores a lot of information in a small space

Microchip "small chip" a silicon chip in a computer

Micron - 1000 microns make up one millimeter

 Microscope "small look at" a device for making small things look large

Microwave a small wave of energy that travels fast and is 1 - 100 cm long

  Makros-"large"

Macrobiotic "having to do with big life" a diet that left out meat and dairy to prolong life.

Macrocephalic "having to do with a big head" having a large head.

Macrocosm "large world" the entire universe

Macroscopic  "having to do with looking at large" visible to the eye.

macroinvertebrate large animals without spines - lobsters, crabs, crayfish

Mega - "Large"

Megaphone - "large sound" - a device that makes sounds louder

megalith "large rock" a large rock or boulder

megalomaniac - "large crazy" someone who has delusions of grandeur - or thinking they are the most important person in the world

Vert "turn"

Vertebra "having to do with turning' the bones in your spine that allow you to turn your back

Vertex "having to do with turning" a point where two lines meet

Vertical "having to do with turning" straight up and down"

invert " turn in" to turn something inside itself

advertise "turn toward" to display something to make you want to buy it

convert "turn with" have someone come around to your way of thinking

diversion  "turn down" to make a noise or distract someone

pervert "turn away" to do the opposite of what should be done

subvert "turn under" to go against someone of power in a sneaky way

revert "turn again" to go back to what you were before

Dia - through across (G)

diabolical "shot through" as if you are possessed by evil

diagnosis "through knowledge" to find a solution to a problem

diagonal "through the angle" a line between two corners of a figure

diagram "across drawing" a picture used to give knowledge

diameter "across measure" the line that measures across a circle

diamond "through not tame" a hard crystal shaped rock

Trans

Transport - "Across Carry" To move something 

Transaction - "across do" to trade or exchange

Transcript - "across write" to put speech into writing.

Transfer " across carry" to move something from one place to another

Transform "across shape" Ti change over to a different shape

Transplant - "across plant" to move a plant/ or organic matter

Transparent - " through appear" to be able to see through

Hyper – “over/ above”

Hyperactive – “over active” above the normal level of activity

Hyperbole – “over throw” exaggerated speech

Hypercritical – “having to do with over judging” too critical

Hyperglycemic “ above sweet blood” too much sugar in your blood, not enough insulinhigh 

Hypertension – blood pressure

Hyperventilate – “above breathing” breathing too fast and shallow to get oxygen to the brain

Hypo – “Under/below”

Hypochondriac – “under disease” Someone who always believes that they are sick

Hypocrite – “under judge” one who says one thing but does the opposite

Hypodermic – “under the skin” a needle that injects something under the skin

Hypoglycemic – “under sweet blood” too little sugar in the blood, too much insulin

Hypotenuse – “under stretch” the side of a right triangle that is opposite to the right angle

Hypothermia - “ under temperature” below normal body temperature, could cause death

Hypothesis – “under position” the underlying beliefs or a prediction based on prior knowledge

Nomen – “name”

Nominate “to name” suggesting someone’s name for an office or honor

Nomination – “the action of naming” the act of naming a candidate for office

Nominal – “having to do with name” in name only, so small as to be practically not real

Nomenclature – “name call” a system of names to classify information

Nom de plume “name of the feather (pen)” a fake name for an author

Denomination – “down from names” bills of money or classes of things

Denominator – “one who is down from names” the bottle of the fraction

Prae –“before, in front of”

Predict - “before say” to foretell as in the future

Preamble – “before walk” the part of a document that comes before

Precaution – “before be on guard” being on guard before hand

Prefer – “in front of carry” to carry forward in rank on desire before something else

Pregnant – “before bring forth” the condition before giving birth

Prejudice – “before judge” to make a judgment before hand

Prefix – “before fix” the root that goes before the rest of the word

Verbum – “word” L

Verb - “word” an action word in a sentence

Proverb – “forward word” a wise saying

Verbal – “having to do with words” always talking

Verbiage – “having to do with words” The words about a topic or specific activity

Verbose -  using big words

Verbatim – a word for word copy

Adverb – “to or near the word” a word that adds or changes the verb

Sol - Sun(L)

Solar - Having to do with the sun

Solar system

Solarium "sun room" a glass room for the sun

Parasol "to ward off the sun" a small shade for the sun

Solstice "sun stand" Longest and shortest days of the year

Helios - sun (G)

Heliotrope "sun turn" the plant's ability to turn toward the sun

perihelion "around the sun" the earth's closest point to the sun in it's orbit

aphelion "away from sun" the earth's farthest point from the sun in it's orbit

helioscope "sun look" a device to look at the sun

heliometer "sun measure" an instrument for measureing the diameter of the sun

 
Luna - moon (L)

Lunar - "having to do with the moon"

Lunatic Someone who goes mad because of the moon

Lunambulist -  "Moon walker" a sleep walker, supposedly caused by the moon

Interlunar "between the moon" the time when the moon is dark

Astro - Star (G)

Aster - a flower with five pedals

astronomer "star namer" a scientist who studies space

asteroid "star form" a rock floating in space

astrologer "one who studies stars" one who studies the stars to find the future

astronaut "star sailor" a person who goes into space

disaster "away from your stars"  a bad thing to happen to you

astral " having to do with stars"

Stella - Star (L)

Stellar "having to do with space"

Constellation "together stars" a group of stars that form a picture

interstellar "between starts"

stellascope "star looker" an instrument for looking at the stars 

Cosmo -  space

 Cosmonaut -"space sailor" 

Microcosm -"small space"

Cosmic "having to do with space"

CURRENT SET             

Caput - "Head" Latin

Caput - "off with his head" Something has died

Capital " The head of the column" A seat of government for a state or nation

Capitalism "head belief" a system of economics using money and individual ownership

Captain - "the head" the head of a group

Capitulate - "having a head" to surrender

Recapitulate - "having a head again" to summarize

Cabbage - a head like vegetable 

Manus - "hand" Latin

Manufacture - "hand make" to produce or make something using hands

Manifest - "hand hit" to appear

Manipulate - "hand move" move with your hands

Manage - " handle" control/assist

manual - "hand, done by" move with hands 

Manuscript - "hand write" something handwritten

Pes - "Foot" L

Pedestal - "Foot having" - Bottom of a column

Pedestrian - "Foot walker" on foot (as opposed to Equestrian - eques = horse) 

Pedal "Done by foot" a foot lever

Peddler - "foot, person who" a person who sells door to door

Pedicure - "foot care" care for the feet

Pedigree "from the French, meaning crane's foot" a family tree

Pedometer - "foot measure" measures distance walked

Pawn - foot soldier in chess

Dentis - "tooth"  L

Dent - "tooth" A small depression

Dentist - tooth doctor

Dentate "having tooth" ridged like a leaf edge

Dental - "having to do with teeth"

Denture - a set of false teeth

indent - "in tooth" push in

indentured - "in tooth, action" a written agreement

Corpus - "body" L

Corporeal - "having to do with the body" real

Corporal - "having to do with the body"  used with punishment to mean physical punishment

Corps - "body" a military organization or a group of trees

Incorporate -"in body" to make into one organization

Corporation - "action of the body" a legally formed business

Corpse - "body" a dead body

Corpulence "body a lot" being fat

Habeas Corpus -" to have the body" it is a legal term to mean that you cannot be imprisoned unless you have been brought to court and it has been shown that there is cause to have you in prison.  

Arc – “ bow”

Archery – “having to do with bows” A sport using a bow and arrow

Arc - “bow” the curve of a circle

Arch – “bow” a curved structure able to bear weight