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Works Cited, Footnotes and Parenthetical Citations

The following are examples of various types of references that are commonly used in a works cited list and  footnotes.  The Modern Language Association (MLA) Style Sheet is the source for these examples. Please see the end of the  page for additional information on works cited, footnotes and parenthetical citations. Please see the following web site for additional examples: http://www.valencia.cc.fl.us/lrcwest/mlaelectronic.html
 

 
Book Encyclopedia Periodical Newspaper Series Anthology
Interview Internet Site Online Database Email Recording Television/Radio Additional info

Book Entry

Works Cited Example:  Book with one author

Wise, William.  In the Strange World of Sea Mammals.  New York:  G. P. Putnam, 1990.

Footnote Example:

    William Wise,  In the Strange World of Sea Mammals  (New York:  G. P. Putnam,  1990)  123.

Parenthetical Example:  (Wise  123)

Works Cited Example:  Book with two authors

Stark,  Stacey and Gold,  Lilly.  After the Gold Rush.  Denver:  F. R. Sutton,  1991.

Footnote Example:

    Stacey Clark and Lilly Gold,  After the Gold Rush  (Denver:  F. R. Sutton,  1991)  145.

Parenthetical Example:   (Clark and Gold  145)

Encyclopedia Entry     back to Top

Works Cited Example:  Printed encyclopedia

Landes,  Ken.  “Marble.”  Collier’s Encyclopedia.  1998  ed.

Footnote Example:

    Ken Landes,  “Marble,”  Collier’s Encyclopedia,  1998  ed.

Parenthetical Example:  (Landes)  or if no author is given ("Marble")  

Works Cited Example:  CD-ROM encyclopedia

Smith, Bob.  “Automobiles.”  Encyclopedia Americana.  1995 ed.  Encyclopedia 

    Americana CD-ROM.

Footnote Example:  Same as encyclopedia example above.

Periodical/Magazine     back to Top

Works Cited Example:  A signed article

Bed, Bill.  “The Shrinking N.B.A.”  Sports Illustrated  15  Dec. 1997:  45.

Footnote Example:

    Bill Bed,  “The Shrinking N.B.A.,”  Sports Illustrated  15  Dec. 1997:  45.

Parenthetical Example:  (Bed  45)

Works Cited Example:  An unsigned article

“Which Way Did They Go?”  Discovery  6 Jan. 1997:  23-25.

Footnote Example:

    “Which Way Did They Go?”  Discovery  6  Jan. 1997:  23.

Parenthetical Example:  ("Which")

Example:  CD-ROM magazine article

Jones, Bill.  “Mistakes Do Happen.”  Time  7  Feb. 1997:  23-27.  Academic 

    Abstracts Full Text Select, Oct. 1997,  item 9210045.

Footnote Example:  Same as magazine article example above.

Parenthetical Example:  Same

Newspaper Article     back to Top

Works Cited Example: A signed article

Forest,  Fred.  “Timber Harvests in the Pacific Northwest.”  Seattle Times  

    20  Nov. 1988:  A30.

Footnote Example:

    Fred Forest,  “Timber Harvests in the Pacific Northwest,”  Seattle Times  

20  Nov. 1988:  A30.

Parenthetical Example:  (Forest  A30)

Example:  An unsigned article

“The Fate of the Space Needle.”  Seattle Times  24  Feb. 1978:  A3.

Footnote Example:  

"The Fate of the Space Needle,"  Seattle Times  24 Feb.  1978:  A3.

Parenthetical Example:  ("Fate")

Series     back to Top

Works Cited Example:

James,  Bob.  A History of the Modern World.  Cambridge History of  Man.  21.  Seattle:  

    University of  Washington Press,  1900.

Footnote Example:

    Bob James,  A History of the Modern World, Cambridge History of Man.  21  (Seattle:

University of  Washington Press,  1900)  2.

Parenthetical Example:  (James  2)

Anthology     back to Top

Works Cited Example:

Orwell, G.  “Politics and the English Language.”  A Collection of Essays.  Ed.  Joe Smith.

    Garden City:  Bob’s Publishing,  1995.  68-89. 

Footnote Example:

    G. Orwell,  “Politics and the English Language,”  A Collection of Essays  ed.  Joe Smith  (Garden

City:  Bob's  Publishing,  1995)  68.

Parenthetical Example:  (Orwell  68)

Interview     back to Top

Works Cited Example:

Harding,  Tanya.  Interview with Connie Chung.  Ice Arena.   Portland,  OR.  7   Feb.  1994.

Footnote Example:

    Tanya Harding,  Interview with Connie Chung.  7   Feb. 1994. 

Parenthetical Example:  (Harding)

Internet Resources     back to Top

The following information, when available, should be included in the documentation for a web site.

1. The author, if available. If there is no author, begin with the title.

2. The title of the web site, in quotation marks if part of a larger site, or underlined if the site can stand alone.

3. Publication information for a print version of the site, if available.

4. The date of publication or the latest update, if available.

5. Pagination information, if available.

6. The name of any sponsoring institution or organization, if available.

7. The date you accessed the site, expressed as date month year.

8. The Internet address enclosed in angle brackets.

*Punctuate between all elements with a period and a double space. There is no period following the date of access.

*Footnotes and Parentheticals for the following examples would be the same as for the print version of the same type of source.

Additional information for citing internet sources can be found at the following:http://www.valencia.cc.fl.us/lrcwest/mlaelectronic.html
 

Miscellaneous Internet Sites

    Works Cited Example: Home Page

Anderson,  Margaret Vail.  Home page.  30  July 1998  <http://www.servtech.com/

     public/mvail/home.html>.
 
    Works Cited Example: Encyclopedia

Ashley,  Maurice.  "Oliver Cromwell."  Britannica.com. 1998.

      Encyclopedia Britannica. 03 Jan. 2000  <http://www.britannica.com/>.

    Works Cited Example: Book

Bronte,  Emily.  Wuthering Heights.  University of Maryland. 27 July

     1998  <http://www.inform.umd.edu/EdRes/ReadingRoom/Fiction/EBronte/WutheringHeights/>.

    Works Cited Example: Song

Hunter,  Robert and Jerry Garcia.  "Ramble On Rose."  David Dodd's Annotated

     Grateful Dead Lyrics.  27   July 1998  <http://www.UCCS.edu/~dodd/ramble2.html>.

Magazine Articles on the Internet

    Works Cited Example:

Kluger,  Jeffrey.  "Anatomy of an Outbreak."  Time  3 Aug. 1998.

     29  Sept. 1998  <http://www.pathfinder.com/time/magazine/1998/dom/980803/cover1.html>.

Newspaper Articles on the Internet 

    Works Cited Example:

Marks,  Alexandra. "Unusual Unity of Youth Crime."  The Christian Science Monitor  20  Feb. 1997.  29  July 

    1998  <http://www.csmonitor.com/cgi-bin/getasciiarchive?script/97/02/20/022097.us.us3>.

Reference Sources From Subscription-Based Databases    back to Top

   1.The author, if available. If there is no author, begin with the title.

   2.The title of the reference entry, in quotation marks.

   3.The title of the reference source, underlined.

   4.The version of the reference source, if available.

   5.The date of publication, if available.

   6.The title of the reference database, underlined.

   7.The publisher of the reference database.

   8.The date you accessed the site expressed as date month year.

   9.The Internet address enclosed in angle brackets.

    Works Cited Examples:

"History of the Olympic Games."  World Almanac and Book of Facts. 1998.

      FirstSearch. 30 Mar. 1999 <http://www.ccla.lib.fl.us>.
 

Torrey,  E. Fuller.  "Schizophrenia."  World Book Online.  2000.

     World Book. 20 Nov. 2000 <http://www.worldbookonline.com>.
 

Full-Text Periodical Articles From Subscription-Based Databases

1. The author, if available. If there is no author, begin with the title of the article.

2.  The title of the article, in quotation marks.

3. The name of the periodical, underlined.

4. The date, volume number, issue number, or other identifying number.

5. Pagination information, if available and accurate.

6. The name of the database you retrieved the article from, underlined, followed by the name of the service or provider.

NOTE: At this point in the citation, MLA Style states that you should include the name of the library followed by the city (and state abbreviation, if necessary) of the library subscribing to the database. This may not be required.  If so, due the following:

Valencia Community College. West Campus LRC., Orlando.

7. The date you accessed the article expressed as date month year.

8. The Internet address for the database enclosed in angle brackets.

*Punctuate between elements of the citation as you would for a print citation.    There is no period following the date of access.

    Works Cited Examples:

"Florida Voucher Program Struck Down."  Facts on File News Digest.

     23  Mar. 2000. FACTS.com. 30  June  2000  <http://www.2facts.com>.

 
Juergensmeyer,  Mark.  "Understanding the New Terrorism."  Current History.

     Apr. 2000: 158-163. Current History Online. Current History, Inc. 16  June  2000                

    <http://www.currenthistory.com/>.

 
E-Mail Communication, Online Postings

    1. The name of the writer.

    2. The title of the message, if any, taken from the subject line and in quotation marks.

    3. A description of the message that includes the name of the recipient.

    4.The date the message was sent.

    *Punctuate between all elements with a period and 2 spaces.

 
    Works Cited Examples:

DeLisle,  Judith A.  "MLA Documentation."  E-mail to Robin Simmons.  30 July

     1998.

 
DeLisle, Judith A. "MLA Documentation." Online posting. 20 July 1998.

     LIBREF-L. 30 July 1998  <LISTSERV@LISTSERV.KENT.EDU>.
 

Recording on Tape/CD/Record, etc.      back to Top

Works Cited Example:

Collins,  Phil.  “Another Day in Paradise.”  But Seriously Album.  MCA Records,  MCA 9-1003, 1989.

Footnote Example:

Phil Collins,  “Another Day in Paradise,”  But Seriously Album.

Parenthetical Example:  (Collins)

Television or Radio Program      back to Top

Example:

NBC Nightly News.  New York:  NBC-TV,  17 Feb.  1996.

The Works Cited list

A works cited list is located on a separate page or pages after the last page of the paper and is made up of only those sources that you actually used to prepare the final copy of your paper. The words Work Cited should appear at the top of the page and centered. The list is arranged alphabetically by the first important word of the citation. Each citation is single spaced with double spacing between each citation. The second line of the citation is indented 5 spaces.

The footnotes

Footnotes are places at the bottom of the page in which you use specific ideas, facts or phrases from someone else's work. Number your footnotes consecutively. The first line of each footnote is indented 5 spaces and begins with its corresponding number from the text placed slightly above the line. 

Parenthetical Citations

Parenthetical citations are used in place of footnotes as a way to indicate to your reader where in a particular work you found specific information that you used in your paper.  Whereas footnotes are placed at the bottom of a page, parenthetical citations are placed in the body of the paper wherever you use specific facts, phrases or ideas that you took from someone else's work.  Place the parenthetical citation at a point in the sentence where a break occurs, usually at the end of a sentence, and as close as possible to what you want to cite.  The citation comes before any ending punctuation mark such as a period or comma and is enclose in parentheses  (Gibaldi  207).  The parenthetical citation at the end of the last sentence is an example.  Gibaldi is the author and 207 is the page number.  This citation would correspond to a complete entry in the Works Cited list at the end of the paper.

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